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The Texas Chainsaw Massacre was released in 1974 and became an almost instant legend. Although not the first movie in the slasher subgenre, it certainly redefined it and set an example for all future slasher flicks to follow. It successfully convinced audiences that it was based on a horrifying true story, and stirred controversy among viewers every where. Banned in several countries and heavily censored in others, it remains one of the most shocking films ever made.
Interestingly enough, there was very little actual blood or gore in the film. Violence, yes. Terorr, yes. But most of the horror came from the atmosphere of the film. It was dark and twisted and lonely. It made you feel as if you were there, trapped in that dirty house, running from Leatherface.
It spawned sequels, prequels, and remakes. It fueled an entire genre. And it created a legion of hardcore horror fans for years to come.